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考研英语阅读:《经济学人》读译参考TEXT 646

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经济学人:移民家庭的母语传承(2)

Books and Arts

《图书与艺术》版块

Johnson:Keeping it in the family

约翰逊专栏:家族传承


A big one is institutional pressure. A child’s time spent with a second language is time not spent on their first. So teachers often discourage parents from speaking their languages to their children. (This is especially true if the second language lacks prestige.) Parents often reluctantly comply, worried about their offspring’s education.


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一个大因素就是制度性压力。如果一个孩子的时间花在第二语言上那么讲母语的时间就肯定少了。所以教师总是不鼓励父母和孩子讲自己的母语。(这种情况尤其体现在第二语言没那么普及的时候。)考虑到孩子的教育,父母往往会不情愿地遵从。


 This is a shame; children really can master two languages or even more. Research does indeed suggest their vocabulary in each language may be somewhat smaller for a while. But other studies hint at cognitive advantages among bilinguals. They may be more adept at complex tasks, better at maintaining attention, and (at the other end of life) suffer the onset of dementia later.


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即使没有这些附加优势,掌握双语的儿童和亲人以及另一种文化的连接本身就是一件好事。如何实现?父母双方都使用传承语言,可以采用在家讲传承语在外面讲本国语言的策略。但若父母双方讲不同语言,也许最常见的方法是“和父母各讲一种语言”。瑞士纳沙泰尔大学语言学家弗朗索瓦·格罗让强调了家族内传承语言的重要性。他认为讲一种语言的唯一保留场合正需要支持。


Sabine Little, a German linguist at the University of Sheffield, puts the emphasis elsewhere. Making the heritage language yet another task imposed by parents can lead to rejection, she argues. She recommends letting the child forge their own emotional connection to the language. Her son gave up on German for several years before returning to it. She let him determine when they would speak it together. (He decided on the pair’s trips in her car to after-school activities, during which his father, who doesn’t speak German, would not be excluded.)


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他们拿他的英德混搭开玩笑,并将其纳入他们的词典。和许多年轻人一样,孩子上YouTube的时间受限——但如果用德语观看就可以看更长时间。利特尔建议通过专为母语人士设计的应用程序和娱乐学习;她认为这种教育类型有点像家庭作业。


Languages are an intimate part of identity; it is wrenching to try and fail to pass them on to a child. Success may be a question of remembering that they are not just another thing to be drilled into a young mind, but a matter of the heart.


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语言是身份的重要组成部分;试图将其传递给后代却失败是痛苦的。要想成功得记住语言不仅要灌输到下一代的脑子,还要到达心灵。


注释


1.hint at 暗示


Or it could hint at the existence of extra dimensions


或者它可以暗示存在额外的尺寸。来源于《BBC》


2.bring something about 引起


The only way they can bring about political change is by putting pressure on the country.


他们能引起政治变化的惟一办法就是向该国施加压力。


3.drill into something 钻(孔),打(眼)


He drilled into the wall of Lili's bedroom.


他在丽莉卧室的墙上打孔。


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